| Isobutanol | |
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Methyl-2-propanol |
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Other names
Isobutyl alcohol, IBA, 2-methylpropyl alcohol |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 78-83-1 |
| PubChem | 6560 |
| ChemSpider | 6312 |
| UNII | 56F9Z98TEM |
| EC-number | 201-148-0 |
| KEGG | C14710 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:46645 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL269630 |
| RTECS number | NP9625000 |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties[2] | |
| Molecular formula | C4H10O |
| Molar mass | 74.122 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.802 g/cm3, liquid |
| Melting point |
-101.9 °C, 171 K, -151 °F |
| Boiling point |
107.89 °C, 381 K, 226 °F |
| Solubility in water | 8.7 mL/100 mL[1] |
| log P | 0.8 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.3959 |
| Viscosity | 3.95 cP at 20 ºC |
| Hazards[2] | |
| MSDS | ICSC 0113 |
| EU Index | 603-108-00-1 |
| EU classification | Irritant (Xi) |
| R-phrases | R10 R37/38 R41, R67 |
| S-phrases | (S2) S7/9 S13 S26 S37/39 S46 |
| NFPA 704 |
3
1
0
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| Flash point | 28 °C (82 ºF) |
| Autoignition temperature |
415 ºC (779 ºF) |
| Explosive limits | 1.7–10.9% |
| Related compounds | |
| Related butanols | n-Butanol sec-Butanol tert-Butanol |
| Related compounds | Isobutyraldehyde Isobutyric acid |
| (verify) (what is: /?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Isobutanol (IUPAC nomenclature: methyl-1-propanol) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2OH. This colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic smell is mainly used as a solvent. Its isomers include n-butanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol, all of which are more important industrially.
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Isobutanol is produced by the carbonylation of propylene. Two methods are practiced industrially, hydroformylation is more common and generates a mixture of normal and isobutyraldehydes, which are hydrogenated to the alcohols and then separated. Reppe carbonylation is also practiced.[3]
Isobutanol is also produced naturally during the fermentation of carbohydrates and may also be a byproduct of the decay process of organic matter. Isobutanol, along with other low molecular weight alcohols can also be produced by some engineered microorganisms such as corynebacterium.[4] A genetically engineered strain of the bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum converted cellulose to isobutanol via isobutyraldehyde.[5]
Isobutanol has a variety of technical and industrial applications:
Isobutanol could possibly serve as an alternative to gasoline to fuel combustion engines, and it is being produced by companies such as Gevo.[6] A 1993 SAE technical paper addresses blending methanol, ethanol and isobutanol with unleaded gasoline for use as a motor fuel.[7] A similar mixture is being used by Dyson Racing in the 2010 American LeMans Series.[8] Gevo acquired Agri-Energy's Luverne, Minnesota, ethanol production facility to retrofit it to produce commercial quantities of isobutanol for motor fuel.[9]
Isobutanol is one of the least toxic of the butanols with an LD50 of 2460 mg/kg (rat, oral).
In March 2009, the Canadian government announced a ban on isobutanol use in cosmetics.[10]
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